skeletal+system+and+articulation

Here's a reminder of some of the thoughts we had in class about how we'd like to organize:
 * 1) I have copied and pasted our objectives on to this page. You should be able to click at the end of an objective, press enter, and begin your answer without having to rephrase the objective. Please see example below: I have chosen this sickly green color for my voice. Everyone should pick a color that will be legible on the page and use it any time you comment so that we know who's speaking. This way, if perhaps Ashley had chosen blue, I could see her response to my answer for #1.
 * 2) We discussed including the page number(s) where you found the information so they could be easily referenced later.

Contact Info
Shelley Asbury 540 520 3611 ShelleyLR@gmail.com Erin Ferguson 540 761 7833 eekf4@yahoo.com Sarah Garrison 540 309 9905 (txt ok) sarahcgarrison@gmail.com Ashley Gish 540 581 2668 (txt ok) blndbombers@yahoo.com //Tina Ryder 540 521 5639// TmRYDER@hotmail.com Crystal Lane 540 561 2648 lanec76@gmail.com Mary Beth 540 915 5603 melizabeth1121@msn.com

Skeletal System and Articulation
support and protect the body as an internal framework provide a system of levers with which skeletal muscles move body store lipids and minerals (most importantly, calcium) red marrow cavities provide sites for hematopoiesis (blood cell formation) Lab Book PG 112 ||  || components – microscopic anatomy || 1. List and describe the cellular and extracellular components of bone tissue. ||  || compact bone and spongy bone. ||  || **Hyaline**: provides sturdy support with some resilience or "give," resists compressive stress. Most common. (articular cartilages, costal cartilages, respiratory cartilages, nasal cartilages) **Elastic**: flexible cartilage that tolerates repeated bending. Found in only two places in the human body: the external ear and the epiglottis. **Fibrocartilage**: alternating rows of chondrocytes and thick collagen fibers. Great tensile strength (can withstand heavy compression) used to construct interveterbral discs and cartilages within the knee joint (menisci). Lab Book PG 114 ||  || components – gross anatomy || 1. Identify the structural components of a long bone, with emphasis on region of longitudinal growth. ||  ||
 * General functions of bone & the skeletal system || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Describe the major functions of the skeletal system.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Structural
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">2.Identify the internal structural components of
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">3. Identify the types of cartilage tissues found in the skeletal system and explain the functions of each.
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">4. Explain the roles of dense regular and dense irregular connective tissue in the skeletal system. ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Structural
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">2. Explain the functions of those structural components in the context of a whole bone ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Physiology of embryonic bone formation (ossification, osteogenesis) || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">1. Explain the roles osteogenic cells play in the formation of bone tissue. ||  ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">2. Compare and contrast intramembranous and endochondral (intracartilagenous) bone formation ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Physiology of bone growth, repair, & remodeling || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">1. Compare and contrast the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts during bone growth, repair, and remodeling. ||  ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">2. Explain the hormonal regulation of skeleton growth. ||   ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">3. Explain the roles of calcitonin, parathyroid hormone and calcitriol in bone remodeling and blood calcium regulation. ||   ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">4. Contrast the remodeling processes of a child (birth to adolescence) and an adult (middle to old age). ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Organization of the skeletal system || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Define the two major divisions of the skeletal system (axial and appendicular) and list the general bone structures contained within each. ||  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Gross anatomy of bones || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">1. Identify the types of bones based on shape and composition (compact vs. spongy), and relate the shapes of bones to their functions. ||  ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">2. Identify the individual bones and their location within the body. ||   ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">3. Identify bone markings (spines, processes, foramina, etc.) and describe their function (e.g., point of articulation, muscle tendon attachment, ligament attachment, passageway for nerves and vessels). ||   ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">4. Compare and contrast the skull of a fetus/infant with the skull of an adult. ||   ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">5. Compare and contrast the adult male and female skeletons. ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Classification, structure, & function of joints (articulations) |||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">1. With respect to classification of joints: ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">a. Describe the functional classification, based on degree of movement allowed - synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, and diarthrotic – and provide examples of each type. ||   ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">b. Describe the anatomical classification, based on structure - fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial – and provide examples of each type. ||   ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> c. Explain how the functional and anatomical classifications are related. ||   ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">2. Identify the structural components of the synovial joint, including accessory structures like bursae, tendon sheaths, and ligaments. ||   ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">3. Describe and demonstrate the generalized movements of synovial joints. ||   ||
 * ^  |||| <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">4. For each of the six structural types of synovial joints: ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">a. Describe the anatomical features of that structural type. ||   ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">b. Describe locations in the body where each structural type can be found. ||   ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">c. Predict the kinds of movements that each structural type will allow. ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Application of homeostatic mechanisms || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">1. Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the skeletal system and articulations respond to maintain homeostasis in the body. ||  ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">2. Explain how the skeletal system and articulations relate to other body systems to maintain homeostasis. ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states & disorders || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">1. Predict factors or situations affecting the skeletal system and articulations that could disrupt homeostasis. ||  ||
 * ^  || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">2. Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the skeletal system and articulations could not maintain homeostasis. ||   ||